Although the prospect of civil rights and equality for African Americans looked to have experienced a set back by the start of the 1970s ... were known as ‘affirmative action’.

As the Supreme Court considers whether affirmative action is legal ... who started coming to the U.S. in larger numbers after the 1970s, tend to have higher incomes than non-immigrant blacks ...

Together these laws were known as ‘affirmative action’. Affirmative action made it necessary for government agencies, state governments, local governments and public organisations to hire more ...