Thornton listed three of the most common waxes used to replace the apple’s natural cuticle: beeswax, carnauba wax from the leaves of the carnauba palm tree, and shellac, which comes the resin ...

the scientists added a bio-based carnauba wax (CW), which is reportedly the hardest natural wax with the highest melting point among commercial vegetable waxes. The leek leaf replicas were then ...