FALL OF SONGHAY In the late 16th century Songhay slid into civil war. Echoing the fates of Ghana, Mali and Kanem. The wealth and power of Songhay was also undermined by environmental change ...

Starting in the 10th century and ending in the 16th century, Ancient Ghana, Mali, Songhai and Kongo created a commercial climate as competitive, profit driven and expansionist as any state in Europe.

The kingdoms of Benin, Mali, Songhai, Kongo and Asante each had their ... In the 1230s, he united several of West Africa’s kingdoms to defeat Ghana’s king, Sumanguru. He then began to conquer ...