In 1899, German physicists Elster and Geitel were among the first to study air ionization, identifying how ions are formed in the atmosphere. Later research, particularly in the 1930s and 1950s ...

Double ionization occurs when a molecule loses two ... and methyl iodide (CH₃I), H₃⁺ production is negligible. This trend contradicts expectations based on electronegativity, suggesting ...

A team of researchers from the University of Ottawa has made significant strides in understanding the ionization of atoms and molecules, a fundamental ...

The periodic table’s arrangement also allows scientists to discern trends in element properties, including electronegativity, ionization energy, and atomic radius. Many scientists worked on the ...