The smaller birds tend to nest in the sub-canopy, feeding off the insects and berries in this layer. There are many species of bird within the forest, each has evolved differently to survive.

Rainforests have four main layers: the emergent, the canopy, the under canopy and the forest floor. There are many causes of rainforest deforestation, which leads to loss of habitats, soil erosion ...

An ideal forest garden has eight layers of planting. The highest layer is formed of large canopy trees. In the edible layered garden, this would mean varieties like walnut. If this isn't a ...