One significant area of research has been the classification and management of cavernous malformations affecting cranial nerves, including the optic pathway. A systematic review identified that ...

The optic nerve, also known as cranial nerve II, or simply as CN II, is a paired cranial nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. In humans, the optic nerve is derived ...

The anterior clinoid process (ACP) and optic ... cranial pathologies. The ACP serves as an important landmark for surgical approaches to the internal carotid artery and the optic nerve, while ...