W ith the defeat of the Achaemenid armies at the Granicus (334 BCE), Issus (333 BCE), and Gaugamela (331 BCE) the road to the Persian heartland lay open. There was no Achaemenid army that could be ...

However, Persepolis successfully drained a significant volume of water thanks to its underground channels, originally constructed during the Achaemenid era and known as the Achaemenid water channels, ...