Today it seems self-evident that neurons make their electrical signals by opening gates of water-filled pores (ion channels) in the plasma membrane. But it was not always so. Remarkably ...

Researchers have proposed using polymer membranes modified with copper, zinc, and chromium metal ions for water purification. These polymers were used for the first time in water purification via ...

Osmoregulation is the control of water levels and mineral ions (salt) in the blood. Water levels and mineral ions in the blood are controlled to keep the concentrations the same inside the cells ...

A pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) methodology has been specifically developed for the ...

The positive areas of the water molecules surround the negative Chloride ions. The negative areas of the water molecules surround the positive sodium ions. As the attractions from the water molecules ...

such as ions like fluoride, chloride or bromide, has not yet been observed. "However, this would be of fundamental scientific interest for applications such as the desalination of water ...