Type 1 diabetes occurs when the immune system attacks pancreatic beta cells. Type 2 diabetes happens when the body cannot use insulin effectively. The two types differ in symptoms, causes ...

Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan ...

Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States ...