Fear conditioning is a type of classical conditioning that involves pairing an aversive stimulus (such as an electric shock) with either a neutral context (such as a location) or stimulus (such as ...

Recognizing and responding to threat cues is essential to survival. Freezing is a predominant threat behavior in rats. We have recently shown that a threat cue can organize diverse behaviors beyond ...

Classical conditioning was first discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov in the early 1900s. Pavlov wasn’t initially studying learning at all – he was researching digestion in dogs (a line of ...

At its core, self-righteousness is a defense mechanism. People cling to their moral certainty because they fear being wrong (cognitive dissonance). They experience mental discomfort when their beliefs ...

Ask any working woman today and she will tell you that she does not enjoy being dependent on anyone. We have come a long way from maintaining our homes and hearths, to becoming self-sufficient ...

Failure isn't the end—it's a stepping stone to success. Learn how setbacks can shape resilience, innovation, and lasting ...

The valuable findings in this study reveal an intricate pattern of memory expression following retrieval extinction at different intervals from retrieval-extinction to test. They document that ...

The Paradox of Divine Selection History, philosophy, and personal experiences repeatedly reveal a strange paradox—those ...

"I strongly, strongly fear that they're already being tortured, being mistreated, being screamed at, being forced to perform ...

A Connecticut prosecutor says a man who told authorities he was held captive in his own home for two decades has asked why ...