Contemporary logic circuits use MOSFETs as the elements to build gates, but there are many ways to implement them. Using relays is one of them, and you can literally see how they work.

this teaching tool allows different logic gates to be wired together with patch cables. While [David] first thought to use 74-series logic circuits directly, a much more versatile solution was to ...

Gordon Moore's prediction made over 40 years ago, that the number of transistors in an integrated ... trends of the logic transistor were mainly the result of SiO 2 gate oxide scaling as well ...

and control logic can all be built from combinations of basic gates. As the complexity of the system increases, designers may use hierarchical design techniques, breaking down the system into smaller, ...

An integrated circuit (IC), also known as a microchip or chip, is a miniaturized electronic circuit consisting of transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other components fabricated onto a single ...

Electronic devices based on microchips, i.e. integrated circuits ... The underlying circuits are a complex, networked system ...