The plates make up Earth's outer shell, called the lithosphere. (This includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle.) Churning currents in the molten rocks below propel them along like a ...

deeply intertwined with the chemical and physical traits of the lithosphere, is crucial for geoscientists. A groundbreaking study has unveiled a global compilation of tectonic plate boundaries and ...

Long back, a large collection of material masses coalesced and formed the Earth – it was a single crust or plate with no ...

Earthquakes occur when the rock on one side of a fault slips relative to the other. The fault surface can be vertical, ...