This article reviews the relationship between the spinal dorsal ramus system and low back pain, including the anatomy, clinical findings, pathogenesis and treatment of low back pain mediated by spinal ...

It is made of tough, fibrous tissue that acts as a protective covering for most of the eyeball. The sclera runs from the cornea at the front of the eye to the back, where the optic nerve is. It ...

Most patients with NAION have an anatomical variation of the optic nerve, making its contents very tight and crowded. This anatomy probably contributes to the impaired circulation that causes NAION.

Optineurin is linked to ALS and glaucoma, but the mechanism is unknown. Here, the authors show that optineurin mutation causes deficits in axonal mitochondria transport and neurodegeneration ...

DNA molecule of artificial intelligence Futuristic. AI Robot DNA. Abstract DNA 3D animation Hologram glowing rotating DNA double helix. Science and medicine concepts. artificial intelligence research ...

Ganapathy M, Tadi P. Anatomy, head and neck, pituitary gland. The Cleveland Clinic. Pituitary tumors & related pituitary disorders. Bronson R, Gaillard F. Pituitary gland: Radiology reference article.

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) generally fail to regenerate axons, resulting in irreversible vision loss after optic nerve injury. While many studies have shown that modulating specific genes can ...

Myopic tilted disc is a common structural change of myopic eyes. With advancing ocular imaging technology, the associated structural changes of the eye, particularly the optic nerve head, have been ...

The presence of large and morphologically adult inner ears in juvenile material suggests precociality. Our findings add to the diversity of neurovascular anatomy in sauropod braincases and buttress ...

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) suppresses inflammation and autoimmune diseases in preclinical and clinical studies. The underlying molecular, neurological, and anatomical mechanisms have been well ...

It's also called neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) or Devic's disease. NMO specifically affects the myelin, which is the insulation around the nerves. NMO mainly affects the spinal cord ...