The bow shock significantly increases the drag in a vehicle traveling at a supersonic speed. This property was utilized in the design of the return capsules during space missions such as the Apollo program, which need a high amount of drag in …

pheric drag converts much of the spacecraft's kinetic energy into heat, largely by compression in the stagnation region and partially by skin friction in the boundary layer (the shear layer). Tem- peratures in the heat cap between the bow shock and spacecraft surface rise to such magnitudes that the environmental air dissociates and ionizes.

High speed Schlieren imaging, pressure tapping points and optical emission spectroscopy for temperature and heat flux data are essential measurement techniques for analysis of bow shock dispersion, aerodynamic performance or heat transfer of spacecraft in atmospheric re-entry.

2018年8月27日 · A high-speed flow past a reentry capsule forms a bow shock wave which causes a high surface pressure. It yields high aerodynamic drag (ballistic coefficient) force, which is needed for aero-braking purposes.

2014年7月1日 · Formation of a strong bow shock wave ahead of the blunt shaped body in a supersonic flow gives rise to rapid increase in temperature and pressure and reduction in velocity that causes...

The region afterward the shockwave, a shock layer characterized with high enthalpy and temperature is observed once again, resulting in a severe heating environment around the capsule as seen in Figure 7 and 8. A bow shock formed ahead of the vehicle slows down the hypersonic flow.

We demonstrated a fiber-based approach for obtaining optical spectra of a glowing bow shock in a high-enthalpy air flow. The work was performed in a ground test with the NASA Ames Aerodynamic Heating Facility (AHF) that is used for atmospheric reentry simulation.

The flow field features around the reentry capsules such as bow shock wave, sonic line, expansion fan and recirculating flow in the base-shell region are well captured by the present numerical computation.

2023年11月9日 · Re-entry capsule are used for space application with high withstand capacity of heating during re-entry phase. A re-entry capsule consists of a blunt for body, and aft body is straight or rounded base, for example, Dragon capsule and Apollo capsule. A bow shock forms ahead of the vehicle.

2023年2月15日 · This paper aims to design a modular re-entry capsule compatible with 2U+ CubeSats and using CFD and structural simulation methods to allow a safe re-entry from Low earth orbits.