The kingpin axis also known as steering inclination is the line between the upper and lower pivot points of the steering knuckle. If the kingpin axis intersection point is outboard of the center of the contact patch, it is negative; if inside the contact patch, it is positive.

Steering axis inclination is the inward tilt of the suspension toward the center of the vehicle. The SAI angle is an imaginary line drawn through the upper strut and the lower ball joint and another true vertical line that runs through the center of the tire.

The steering axis inclination, θ, is defined as the angle measured in the front elevation between the steering axis (sometimes referred to as the ‘kingpin’ axis from the days when a physical pin was used within a beam axle assembly) and the vertical. You might find these chapters and articles relevant to this topic.

–inclination of the swivel pin axis projected into the fore–aft plane through the wheel centre –positive in the direction shown. –provides a self-aligning torque for non-driven wheels. • Toe-in and Toe-out .

Swivel pin or kingpin inclination is the lateral inward tilt (inclination) from the top between the upper and lower swivel ball joints or the kingpin to the vertical (Figure 10.3). If the swivel ball or pin axis is vertical (perpendicular) to the ground, its contact centre on the ground would be offset to the centre of the tyre contact patch ...

In a car, that axis is imaginary immediately ahead of the wheel, whereas with a supermarket trolley the swivel can actually be seen ahead of the wheel. To achieve positive castor, the lower suspension ball-joint must be physically ahead of the upper swivel point. Castor is an angle so is measured in degrees.

3. Steering Axis Inclination (SAI) Steering Axis Inclination, or SAI, is the angle formed between pivot points and vertical line through center of wheel. SAI is not adjustable; SAI is a diagnostic angle; SAI assists steering returnability

2018年3月16日 · Castor inclination axis is the inclination of the swivel axis in a longitudinal direction, shown positive in Fig. 2.34. The intercept of the axis with the ground provides a moment arm (kinematic castor trail) which in turn provides a speed dependent self-aligning moment resulting from lateral forces:

Kingpin inclination (KPI) or Swivel-axis inclination (SAI): • Tilting the kingpin outwards at the bottom produces an angle between the kingpin center line and the vertical, which is referred to as kingpin inclination (KPI).

Swivel pin inclination is the angle between the swivel axis (D) (an imaginary line running through the ball bearing in the upper spring cup and the steering swivel member's ball joint) and the vertical (A). It is given in degrees. Inward inclination is positive and outward inclination is negative.