Updated: 05/20/2024. A hypertensive crisis is a severe increase in blood pressure (systolic ≥180 mm Hg and/or diastolic ≥110 mm Hg). 1 Without immediate intervention, severe cases can be fatal. 1 There are 2 types of hypertensive crises: hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergency. 1 A hypertensive urgency is a severe elevation in blood pressure in an otherwise …

2024年2月12日 · Approximately 6.2 million adults in the United States are living with heart failure. 1 The disease is typically categorized based on the level of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; LVEF ≤40%) vs heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; LVEF ≥50%). 2,3 Beta blockers in heart failure with …

2024年2月13日 · Congestive heart failure is a potentially life-threatening condition that impacts millions of people. However, patients with congestive heart failure may be asymptomatic until functional remodeling of the heart occurs. 1 In addition, heart failure is often overlooked or misdiagnosed, particularly in older adults. 2 To help health care providers increase patient …

2024年12月10日 · Bradycardia is a type of arrhythmia characterized by a reduced resting heart rate below 50 to 60 beats per minute (bpm). 1 It can develop in patients of all ages, but is more common in older adults. 1,2 Although some patients remain asymptomatic, others experience symptoms such as syncope, lightheadedness, fatigue, confusion, and shortness of breath. 1 …

2022年11月17日 · Angina is chest pain or chest discomfort due to an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. 1,2 Angina is a predictor of future cardiovascular events; therefore, angina treatment goals are to prevent myocardial infarction (MI) and death, and to alleviate symptoms of angina. 1-3 Antianginal drugs work by correcting the myocardial oxygen …

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a technique used in interventional cardiac catheterization to determine how much blood flow a coronary artery can supply to the heart muscle without compromising the function of the heart. FFR is measured by passing a small catheter through the coronary arteries and injecting a contrast agent into the artery. FFR is the current standard of …

2024年3月14日 · Although most commonly used as local anesthetic, lidocaine has a wide variety of other indications, including as an antiarrhythmic agent when administered as an intravenous (IV) formulation. 1 This article describes the properties of IV lidocaine and how it is used to treat potentially life-threatening arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia. ...

2022年11月21日 · The 6-minute walk test measures the distance an individual can walk over 6 minutes on a hard, flat surface. It is a sub-maximal exercist test used to assess the functional heart and lung capacity of individuals to gauge tolerance to exercise and medical interventions. It can be used to evaluate patients with osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, heart failure, chronic …

2024年1月23日 · Cardiac arrest that results from the total failure of the cardiac electrical system is called asystole or flat-lining. 1 Asystole is a medical emergency that requires immediate recognition and intervention. This article will review the causes of asystole and the methods for diagnosing and treating patients with this condition.

2024年2月26日 · References: Shahjehan RD, Bhutta BS. Coronary artery disease.StatPearls.Updated August 17, 2023. Gillen C, Goyal A. Stable angina. StatPearls.Updated December 19, 2022.